Medical Case Study: Persistent Fever in a Young Child

A 6-year-old boy is brought to the pediatric clinic with a persistent fever lasting for six days. His parents also report that he recently developed a red rash on his chest and arms, has swollen hands, and red eyes.

The child has been drinking less water and appears more tired than usual.

He has no known allergies or chronic illnesses and has been fully vaccinated. There is nobody sick at home. 

On physical exam, his temperature was 102.7°F. His reports show he has a red, swollen tongue and an enlarged lymph node in the neck. 

Lab results show:

• Elevated white blood cell count

• Elevated ESR and CRP (inflammatory markers)

• Mild anemia

• Platelet count increasing on day 7

The possible conditions are:

1. Scarlet Fever

Scarlet fever is a bacterial illness that develops in some individuals with strep throat. Scarlet fever includes a sore throat and high fever. 

2. Kawasaki Disease

Kawasaki disease causes inflammation of the walls of small to medium-sized blood vessels, affecting the blood flow through the body. Kawasaki disease most often affects the heart arteries in children.

3. Measles

Measles, also called rubeola, is caused by a virus that spreads easily through the air and settles on surfaces. Outbreaks are more common among people who are not vaccinated.

Sources:

Scarlet Fever

Kawasaki Disease

Measles

Answer:

Kawasaki Disease: The child’s symptoms are persistent fever for more than five days, rash, and swollen tongue. This condition requires urgent treatment to prevent heart complications.